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R910908416 A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPA12K01力士乐柱塞泵
武汉百士自动化设备有限公司专注于液压、气动、工控自动化备件销售,热诚欢迎新老客户咨询购买!
柱塞泵是液压系统的一个重要装置。它依靠柱塞在缸体中往复运动,使密封工作容腔的容积发生变化来实现吸油、压油。柱塞泵具有额定压力高、结构紧凑、效率高和流量调节方便等优点,被广应用于高压、大流量和流量需要调节的场合,诸如液压机、工程机械和船舶中。
柱塞泵一般分为单柱塞泵、卧式柱塞泵、轴向柱塞泵和径向柱塞泵。
单柱塞泵
结构组成主要有偏心轮、柱塞、弹簧、缸体、两个单向阀。柱塞与缸体孔之间形成密闭容积。偏心轮旋转一转,柱塞上下往复运动一次,向下运动吸油,向上运动排油。泵每转一转排出的油液体积称为排量,排量只与泵的结构参数有关。
卧式柱塞泵是由几个柱塞(一般为3个或6个)并列安装,用1根曲轴通过连杆滑块或由偏心轴直接推动柱塞做往复运动,实现吸、排液体的液压泵。它们也都采用阀式配流装置,而且大多为定量泵。煤矿液压支架系统中的乳化液泵一般都是卧式柱塞泵。
乳化液泵用于采煤工作面,为液压支架提供乳化液,工作原理靠曲轴的旋转带动活塞做往复运动,实现吸液和排液。
轴向柱塞泵(英文名:Piston pump)是活塞或柱塞的往复运动方向与缸体中心轴平行的柱塞泵。轴向柱塞泵利用与传动轴平行的柱塞在柱塞孔内往复运动所产生的容积变化来进行工作的。由于柱塞和柱塞孔都是圆形零件,加工时可以达到很高的精度配合,因此容积效率高
直轴斜盘式柱塞泵分为压力供油型和自吸油型两种。压力供油型液压泵大都是采用有气压的油箱,靠气压供油的液压油箱,在每次启动机器之后,必须等液压渍箱达到使用气压后,才能操作机械。如液压油箱的气压不足时就启动机器,会对液压泵内的与滑靴造成拉脱现象,出会造成泵体内回程板与压板的非正常磨损。
径向柱塞泵可分为阀配流与轴配流两大类。阀配流径向柱塞泵存在故障率高、效率
柱塞泵
低等缺点。国际上70、80年代发展的轴配流径向柱塞泵克服了阀配流径向柱塞泵的不足。由于径向泵结构上的特点,固定了轴配流径向柱塞泵比轴向柱塞泵耐冲击、寿命长、控制精度高。变量行程短泵的变量是在变量柱塞和限位柱塞作用下,改变定子的偏心距实现的,而定于的大偏心距为 5—9mm(根据排量大小不同),变量行程很短。且变量机构设计为高压操纵,由控制阀进行控制。故该泵的响应速度快。径向结构设计克服了如轴向柱塞泵滑靴偏磨的问题。使其抗冲击能力大幅度提高。
液压柱塞泵靠气压供油的液压油箱,在每次启动机器后,必须等液压油箱达到使用气压后,才能操作机械。直轴斜盘式柱塞泵分为压力供油型的自吸油型两种。压力供油型液压泵大都采用有气压的油箱,也有液压泵本身带有补油分泵向液压泵进油口提供压力油的。自吸油型液压泵的自吸油能力很强,无需外力供油。
柱塞泵分为轴向柱塞泵和径向柱塞泵两种代表性的结构形式;柱塞缸由于径向柱塞泵
柱塞泵
属于一种新型的技术含量比较高的高效泵,随着国产化的不断加快,径向柱塞泵必然会成为柱塞泵应用领域的重要组成部分;具体详见径向柱塞泵百科,以下仅以轴向柱塞泵为例进行解释。
轴向柱塞泵是利用与传动轴平行的柱塞在柱塞孔内往复运动所产生的容积变化来进行工作的。由于柱塞和柱塞孔都是圆形零件,加工时可以达到很高的精度配合,因此具有容积效率高,运转平稳,流量均匀性好,噪声低,工作压力高等优点,但对液压油的污染较敏感,结构较复杂,造价较高
柱塞和柱塞套是一对精密偶件,经配对研磨后不能互换,要求有高的精度和光洁度和好的耐磨性,其径向间隙为0.002~0.003mm
柱塞头部圆柱面上切有斜槽,并通过径向孔、轴向孔与顶部相通,其目的是改变循环供油量;柱塞套上制有进、回油孔,均与泵上体内低压油腔相通,柱塞套装入泵上体后,应用定位螺钉定位。
柱塞头部斜槽的位置不同,改变供油量的方法也不同。
出油阀和出油阀座也是一对精密偶件,配对研磨后不能互换,其配合间隙为0.01mm 。
出油阀是一个单向阀,在弹簧压力作用下,阀上部圆锥面与阀座严密配合,其作用是在停供时,将高压油管与柱塞上端空腔隔绝,防止高压油管内的油倒流入喷油泵内。
出油阀的下部呈十字断面,既能导向,又能通过柴油。出油阀的锥面下有一个小的圆柱面,称为减压环带,其作用是在供油终了时,使高压油管内的油压迅速下降,避免喷孔处产生滴油现象。当环带落入阀座内时则使上方容积很快增大,压力迅速减小,停喷迅速。
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